Stéphanie Williams, a former adviser to the UN Secretary-General in Libya, highlighted the ongoing issue of armed faction fragmentation in western Libya, particularly in Tripoli.
Stéphanie Williams, a former adviser to the UN Secretary-General in Libya, highlighted the ongoing issue of armed faction fragmentation in western Libya, particularly in Tripoli.
She identified three main groups exerting control: the Deterrence Apparatus for Combating Terrorism and Organized Crime, known for human rights violations; the Support and Stability Apparatus, led by Abdul-Ghani Al-Kikli Ghneiwa; and Brigade 444. Williams pointed out that these militias maintain their grip on state institutions, abusing their powers for arrests, surveillance, and detentions to suppress opposition and avoid accountability.
